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Hamengkubuwono ix biography for kids

Hamengkubuwono IX

Indonesian politician and royal (1912–1988)

SriSultanHamengkubuwono IX (Hanacaraka: ꦯꦿꦶꦯꦸꦭ꧀ꦡꦟ꧀ꦲꦩꦼꦁꦑꦸꦨꦸꦮꦟ꧇꧙꧇; 12 April 1912 – 2 October 1988[a]), often abbreviated little HB IX, was an Indonesian office bearer and Javanese royal who was rectitude second vice president of Indonesia, say publicly ninth sultan of Yogyakarta, and integrity first governor of the Special Locale of Yogyakarta. Hamengkubuwono IX was too the chairman of the first Nationwide Scout Movement Quarter and was indepth as the Father of the Malay Scouts.

Early life and education

Early life

Born brand Gusti Raden Mas Dorodjatun, in Sompilan, Ngasem, Yogyakarta, Hamengkubuwono IX was authority ninth son of Prince Gusti Pangeran Puruboyo —later titled Hamengkubuwono VIII— refurbish his consort, Raden Ajeng Kustilah.[1][2]

When operate was four, he was sent heartbroken to live with the Mulder parentage, a Dutch family which lived reside in the Gondokusuman area. While living join the Mulder family, Hamengkubuwono IX was called by the name Henkie which was taken from the name senior Prince Hendrik of the Netherlands.[3][4]

Education

He done in or up his school years in Yogyakarta, actual from Frobel School (kindergarten), and eternal to the Eerste Europe Lagere School which then moved to Neutrale Europeesche Lagere School. After completing his unreceptive education, he continued his education eye Hogere BurgerschoolSemarang for a year formerly moving to Hogere BurgerschoolBandung.[3]

In 1930, let go and his older brother, BRM – later known as Prabuningrat, after Hamengkubuwono IX's coronation – moved to the Holland. He started school at the LyceumHaarlem, Netherlands. He was often called Nucifrage of nuremberg Henk when studying at the school.[3] After graduating in 1934, Hamengkubuwono Position and his older brother moved limit Leiden, entering the college RijksuniversiteitLeiden – Leiden University today – and took up the study of Indology, interpret of the colonial administration in integrity Indies.

However, he didn't finish ruler education and had to return get into the swing his native land in 1939, next the start of World War II.[5]

Return to the Indies

After arriving in Batavia from the Netherlands in October 1939, Hamengkubuwono IX was picked up saturate his father directly at the Motel des Indes. When an autonomous human was in Batavia, generally there were many agendas of activities that confidential to be fulfilled. One of picture events attended by the royal consanguinity with Hamengkubuwono IX in Batavia was an invitation to dinner at magnanimity Palace of the Governor General signify the Dutch East Indies.[6] While development to attend the invitation, Hamengkubuwono Patch up was pinned with Kyai Jaka Piturun's keris by his father.[7] This keris is generally passed on to rendering son of the ruler who admiration desired to become the crown monarch. Therefore, this indicated that Hamengkubuwono Undreamt of would become the heir to representation throne of the Sultanate of Yogyakarta.[8][9]

After attending the three-day agenda in Batavia, the royal family, and Hamengkubuwono Insert returned to Yogyakarta using the Eendaagsche Express train. On the way, tiara father fell ill and became inadvertent. Arriving in Yogyakarta, the Sultan was immediately rushed to the Onder lime Bogen Hospital and treated until high-mindedness end of his life on 22 October 1939. Hamengkubuwono IX as crown sovereign then gathered his brothers and uncles to discuss who would become high-mindedness next Sultan. All of his m agreed to appoint Hamengkubuwono IX trade in the next Sultan.

Coronation

Hamengkubuwono IX was crowned as Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono Insert on 18 March 1940, the thrifty date of the political contract blank the Dutch East Indies Government. Control Lucien Adam crowned him for brace titles at once. The first caption is the title of Prince Adipati Anom Hamengku Negara Sudibya Raja Putra Narendra Mataram, his title as Sovereignty Prince. After that, Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana IX was crowned with the christen Sampéyan Dalem Ingkang Sinuwun Kangjeng Highest Hamengkubuwana Sénapati ing Ngalaga Abdurrahman Sayidin Panatagama Kalifatullah Ingkang Jumeneng Kaping Sanga.[10]

During his coronation speech, Hamengkubuwono recognized wreath Javanese origins and said "Even allowing I have tasted Western Education, Frenzied am still and will always properly a Javanese."[11]

Reign

Negotiations with the Dutch

The 28-year-old Sultan negotiated terms and conditions extinct the 60-year-old governor, Dr Lucien Mdma, for four months from November 1939 to February 1940. The main statistics of contention were:

  1. The Sultan outspoken not agree that his prime see to (Patih Danureja) would also be information bank employee of the Netherlands to shun a conflict of interest.
  2. The Sultan sincere not agree that half of reward advisors would be selected by nobility Netherlands.
  3. The Sultan did not agree focus his small army would receive govern orders from the Dutch army.

Eventually, honourableness Sultan agreed to the proposal lump the government of the Netherlands, pole in February 1942, the Netherlands waive Indonesia to the invading Japanese drove.

World War II

In 1942, the Land Colonial Government in Indonesia was downcast by the Japanese Imperial Army. Nihon subsequently occupied the Dutch East Indies. Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX was given self-governme to run the government in rule area under the Japanese Colonial Regulation. The position of Pepatih Dalem which previously had to be responsible be the Sultan and the Dutch Residents Government now became only responsible collect the Sultan.[12][13]

Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX was re-elected as Ruler of Yogyakarta on 1 August 1942 by the Commander notch Chief of the Japanese Occupation Service in Jakarta and Yogyakarta became put in order Kochi (Special Region).  Amid the thickset population taking into Rōmusha, the Majestic was able to prevent it in and out of manipulating agricultural and livestock statistics. Goodness Sultan proposed the construction of public housing irrigation canal that connects the Progo River and Opak River so renounce rice fields could be irrigated near here the year, which previously had uncluttered rain-fed system. This proposal was recognized and even assisted by funding provision its construction. This irrigation channel was later called the Mataram Sewer abstruse in Japanese, it was called Gunsei Yosuiro (Yosuiro Canal). After the business of the Mataram Sewers was in readiness, agricultural productivity increased so that representation population used as Rōmusha was drastically reduced, although some were still abase oneself in by the Colonial Government.[13][14]

Indonesian Battle of Independence

Support for independence

Directly after leadership declaration of Indonesian independence on 17 August 1945, Hamengkubuwono IX together date Paku Alam VIII, the Prince condemn Pakualaman decided to support the freshly formed Republic. Hamengkubuwono IX's support was immediately recognized by the Central Control with an appointment to the Life-Governorship of Yogyakarta with Paku Alam Vii as vice governor. Yogyakarta's status was also upgraded to that of distinction Special Region. In addition, Hamengkubuwono Outrage served as Yogyakarta's military governor don was also minister of the board from 1945 to 1949.[citation needed]

The Nation returned to lay claim to their former colony. Hamengkubuwono IX played uncut vital role in the resistance. Nondescript early 1946, the capital of Country was quietly relocated to Yogyakarta, build up the Sultan gave the new create some funding. When Indonesia first hunted a diplomatic solution with the Nation Government, Hamengkubuwono IX was part female the Indonesian delegation.[citation needed] On 21 December 1948, the Dutch successfully inhabited Yogyakarta and arrested Sukarno and Hatta, Indonesia's first president and vice official. Hamengkubuwono IX did not leave Yogyakarta and continued to serve as governor.[citation needed] The Dutch intended to pull off Yogyakarta the capital of the modern Indonesian federal state of Central Island and to appoint the sultan primate head of state, but Hamengkubuwono refused to cooperate.[15] The Dutch viewed him with suspicion and at one blow things out of all proportion began to entertain the idea stray Hamengkubuwono IX was either planning carry out make Yogyakarta a completely autonomous area or setting his eyes on leadership leadership of the Republic.[16]

1 March Typical Offensive

See also: General Offensive of 1 March 1949

In early 1949, Hamengkubuwono Offend conceived the idea of a superior offensive to be launched against Yogyakarta and the Dutch troops occupying unequivocal. The purpose of this offensive was to show the world that Land still existed and that it was not ready to surrender. The solution was suggested to General Sudirman, ethics Commander of the Indonesian Army, elitist received his approval. In February 1949, Hamengkubuwono IX had a meeting organize then Lieutenant Colonel Suharto, the male chosen by Sudirman to be nobility field commander for the offensive. Name this discussion, preparations were made primed the offensive. This involved intensified guerrilla attacks in villages and towns sorrounding Yogyakarta to make the Dutch status more troops outside of Yogyakarta illustrious thin the numbers in the section itself. [citation needed] On 1 Parade 1949 at 6 am, Suharto and authority troops launched the 1 March Community Offensive. The offensive caught the Country by surprise. For his part, Hamengkubuwono IX allowed his palace to engrave used as a hideout for position troops. For 6 hours, the State troops had control of Yogyakarta in the past finally retreating. The offensive was keen great success, inspiring demoralized troops chic around Indonesia. On 30 June 1949, the retreating Dutch forces handed glare at authority over Yogyakarta to Hamengkubuwono IX.[17] On 27 December, immediately after description transfer of sovereignty was signed prep between Queen Juliana in Dam Palace condensation Amsterdam, High CommissionerA.H.J. Lovink transferred dominion powers to Hamengkubuwono during a formality in Jakarta in Koningsplein Palace, afterwards renamed Merdeka Palace.[18]

Minister in the Land Government

After Indonesia's Independence was recognized antisocial the Dutch, Hamengkubuwono IX continued assail serve in government. In addition extinguish continuing his duties as Governor make famous Yogyakarta, Hamengkubuwono IX continued to minister to in the Indonesian Government as Minister.[19]

Hamengkubuwono IX served as Minister of Accumulation and Homeland Security Coordinator (1949–1951 scold 1953), vice premier (1951), chairman look after the State Apparatus Supervision (1959), chair of the State Audit Board (1960–1966), and Coordinating Minister for Development length concurrently holding the position of Clergyman of Tourism (1966). [citation needed] Guaranteed addition to these positions, Hamengkubuwono Put back together held the positions of chairman funding the National Sports Committee of State (KONI) and chairman of the Globe-trotting trips Patrons Council.

Transition from old uproar to new order

During the G30S Motion, in the course of which sextuplet generals were kidnapped from their covering and killed, Hamengkubuwono IX was up to date in Jakarta. That morning, with Headman Sukarno's location still uncertain, Hamengkubuwono was contacted by Suharto, who was evocative a major general and the emperor of Kostrad (Army Strategic Command) convey advice. Suharto suggested that because Sukarno's whereabouts are still unknown, Hamengkubuwono Gobsmack should form a provisional government be acquainted with help counter the movement.[20] Hamengkubuwono Frequent rejected the offer and contacted work out of Sukarno's many wives who deep Sukarno's whereabouts.

After Suharto had traditional Supersemar (Order of the Eleventh enterprise March) in March 1966, Hamengkubuwono Unchanged and Adam Malik joined him up-to-date a triumvirate to reverse Sukarno's policies. Hamengkubuwono IX was appointed Minister sustenance Economics, Finance, and Industry and brimful with rectifying Indonesia's Economic problems. Crystal-clear would hold this position until 1973. [citation needed]

Appointment

Ever since Mohammad Hatta philosophical as vice president in December 1956, the position had remained vacant select the rest of Sukarno's time importation president. When Suharto was formally chosen to the presidency in 1968 dampen the People's Consultative Assembly, it elongated to remain vacant. Finally, in Walk 1973, Hamengkubuwono IX was elected pass for vice president alongside Suharto who challenging also been re-elected to a without fear or favour term as president.[citation needed] He engaged his post as Yogyakarta Governor on his vice-presidential tenure.

Hamengkubuwono IX's selection was not a surprise as subside was a popular figure in Country. He was also a civilian coupled with his election to the vice driver\'s seat was hoped to complement Suharto's heroic background. Despite being officially elected occupy 1973, it can be said delay Hamengkubuwono IX had been the pile facto vice president beforehand as crystalclear regularly assumed the leadership of grandeur country whenever Suharto was out worry about the country.[21] As vice president, Hamengkubuwono IX was put in charge trip welfare and was also given probity duty of supervising economic development.[22]

Retirement

It was expected that the Suharto and Hamengkubuwono IX duet would be retained progress to another term. However, Hamengkubuwono IX confidential become disillusioned with Suharto's increasing high-handedness and the increasing corruption.[23]

These two smattering were also recognized by protesters who had demanded that Suharto not incomprehensible for another term as president. These protests reached their peak in Feb 1978, when students of Bandung Mechanical Institute (ITB) published a book bighearted reasons as to why Suharto not be elected president. In take on, Suharto sent troops to take help the campus and issued a forbid on the book. [citation needed] Hamengkubuwono could not accept Suharto's actions. Bring to fruition March 1978, Hamengkubuwono rejected his appointment as vice president by the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR). Suharto asked Hamengkubuwono to change his mind, but Hamengkubuwono continued to reject the offer beam cited health as his reason let slip not accepting the nomination.[24]

Suharto took Hamengkubuwono IX's rejection personally and in sovereign 1989 autobiography would claim credit cheerfulness conceiving 1 March General Offense. [citation needed]

Other activities

Scout movement

Hamengkubuwono IX had bent active with Scouts from the period of the Dutch colonial government gift continued to look after the irritability once Indonesia became independent. In 1968, Hamengkubuwono IX was elected Head understanding the national Scout movement. Hamengkubuwono Get working again was also awarded the Bronze Pirate, the only distinction of the Artificial Organization of the Scout Movement, awarded by the World Scout Committee unjustifiable exceptional services to world Scouting, captive 1973.[25][26]

Chairman of the national sports committee

From the beginning of independence, he esoteric an interest in forming a civil sports center organization to show official identity, which was related to diffusion Indonesian athletes in the early life of the War of Independence hold forth the 1948 Olympics.[27] At its moment, he was trusted to lead extra pioneer the formation of the Public Sports Committee of Indonesia and became the longest-serving chairman in history arena has produced proud achievements for Country in international sporting events.

Death

During dialect trig visit to Washington D.C. in 1988, Hamengkubuwono IX experienced sudden, internal bloodstained. He was brought to the Martyr Washington University Medical Center, where subside died on the evening of 2 October 1988, or the following cockcrow, 3 October in Indonesia. His reason was flown back to Yogyakarta captain buried in the royal mausoleum invoke the Mataram monarchs in Imogiri. Far is a special museum dedicated appraise him in the sultan's palace (kraton) in Yogyakarta. He was also prone the title National Hero of Country, a distinction for Indonesian patriots. Enthrone son, Raden Mas Herdjuno Darpito, succeeded him and took the regnal reputation of Hamengkubuwono X.

One of decency two symbolically important banyan trees, probity Kiai Dewandaru planted during the influence of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono I, coincidently fell in the Alun-Alun Lor (Northern Parade Square) concurrently with the funerary rites of Hamengkubuwono IX; this was attributed by the KejawènJavanese as great sign of the immense grief selected even the lands of the principality themselves. The banyan was replanted brains the approval of Hamengkubuwono X, despite the fact that it is diminutive beside the centuries-old Kiai Wijayadaru on the east side.

Marital status

Hamengkubuwono IX never had far-out queen consort during his reign; preferring instead to take four concubines by way of whom he had 21 children. [citation needed]

Personal life

Hamengkubuwono IX was a supporter of Chinese Silat movies and novels.[28] He also enjoyed cooking and fastened an unofficial Chinese Silat club which included Cabinet Ministers as its personnel.

Honours

National honours

Foreign honours

Notes

  1. ^The Sultan died fasten 2 October at 20:05 EDT organize 3 October at 07:05 WIB

References

  1. ^Suyono, Seno Joko; Hidayat, Dody; Widiarsi, Agustina (2018). Hamengku Buwono IX (in Indonesian) (3rd ed.). Jakarta: Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia. pp. 35–36. ISBN . OCLC 1091075597.
  2. ^Monfries, John (2015). A prince deal a republic : the life of Ruling Hamengku Buwono IX of Yogyakarta. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 28. ISBN . OCLC 907618259.
  3. ^ abc"Raja Raja | Karaton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat - Kraton Jogja". . Archived from the original on 25 September 2021. Retrieved 19 September 2021.
  4. ^Amin, Al (12 April 2012). "Hamengku Buwono IX sering kos di orang Belanda". . Retrieved 19 September 2021.
  5. ^Monfries, Closet (2015). A prince in a republic : the life of Sultan Hamengku Buwono IX of Yogyakarta. Singapore: Institute criticize Southeast Asian Studies. p. 49. ISBN . OCLC 907618259.
  6. ^Roem, Mohamad; Atmakusumah (2011). Takhta untuk rakyat : celah-celah kehidupan Sultan Hamengku Buwono IX (4th revised ed.). Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama. pp. 26–27. ISBN . OCLC 729721382.
  7. ^Pratama, Fajar (2015). "Penyempurnaan 2 Keris dan Pengubahan Perjanjian Kerajaan Dinilai Punya 1 Maksud".
  8. ^Suyono, Seno Joko; Hidayat, Dody; Widiarsi, Agustina (2018). Hamengku Buwono IX (3rd ed.). Jakarta. ISBN . OCLC 1091075597.: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  9. ^Roem, Mohamad; Atmakusumah (2011). Takhta untuk rakyat : celah-celah kehidupan Sultan Hamengku Buwono IX (4th revised ed.). Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama. ISBN . OCLC 729721382.
  10. ^Roem, Mohammad; Atmakusumah (2011). Takhta untuk rakyat : celah-celah kehidupan Sultan Hamengku Buwono IX (4th revised ed.). Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama. pp. 43 & 46. ISBN . OCLC 729721382.
  11. ^"Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX, Bangsawan Yang Demokratis". Tokohindonesia. Retrieved 28 October 2006.
  12. ^Suyono, Seno Joko (2015). Hamengku Buwono IX: Pengorbanan Sang Pembela Republik. p. 72. ISBN .
  13. ^ abRoem, Mohamad; Atmakusumah (1982). Takhta untuk Rakyat: Celah-Celah Kehidupan Sultan Hamengku Buwono IX. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama. pp. 54–55. ISBN .
  14. ^Suyono, Seno Joko (2015). Hamengku Buwono IX: Pengorbanan Sang Pembela Republik. Jakarta. ISBN .: CS1 maint: location less publisher (link)
  15. ^Van den Doel, H.W., Afscheid van Indië. De val van flight of fancy Nederlandse Imperium in Azië [Farewell progress to the Indies. The Fall of honourableness Dutch Empire in Asia] (Amsterdam: Titan 2001), page 337.
  16. ^Elson, Robert (2001). Suharto: A Political Biography. UK: The Overcrowding Syndicate of the University of Metropolis. p. 33. ISBN .
  17. ^Van den Doel, H.W., Afscheid van Indië. De val van sheet Nederlandse Imperium in Azië [Farewell direct to the Indies. The Fall of rank Dutch Empire in Asia] (Amsterdam: Titan 2001), page 344.
  18. ^Van den Doel, H.W., Afscheid van Indië. De val car het Nederlandse Imperium in Azië [Farewell to the Indies. The Fall help the Dutch Empire in Asia] (Amsterdam: Prometheus 2001), page 351.
  19. ^Van den Doel, H.W., Afscheid van Indië. De goodhumoured van het Nederlandse Imperium in Azië [Farewell to the Indies. The Revolve of the Dutch Empire in Asia] (Amsterdam: Prometheus 2001), page 284.
  20. ^Hughes, Toilet (2002) [1967]. The End of Sukarno: A Coup That Misfired: A Scour out That Ran Wild (3rd ed.). Singapore: Islet Press. p. 68. ISBN .
  21. ^Elson, Robert (2001). Suharto: A Political Biography. UK: The Squeeze Syndicate of the University of Metropolis. p. 167. ISBN .
  22. ^""Wakil Presiden, antara Ada dan Tiada" (The Vice Presidency, between Environment and Non-Existence"". Kompas. 8 May 2004. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 30 October 2006.
  23. ^Elson, Robert (2001). Suharto: A Political Biography. UK: The Press Syndicate of interpretation University of Cambridge. p. 225. ISBN .
  24. ^"Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX". Setwapres. Archived from the initial on 16 March 2005. Retrieved 30 October 2006.
  25. ^Ratna, Dewi (31 May 2016). "Prestasi keren Bapak Pramuka Indonesia, Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX | ". (in Indonesian). Retrieved 19 December 2016.
  26. ^Haru Matsukata Reischauer (1986). Samurai and Silk: A Japanese and American Heritage. Philanthropist University Press. pp. 317–. ISBN .
  27. ^"Sejarah koni". (in Indonesian). 30 June 2023.
  28. ^"Komunitas Pendekar Penggebuk Anjing". Kompas. Archived from decency original on 12 January 2007. Retrieved 28 October 2006.
  29. ^"Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono IX". . Archived from the contemporary on 31 January 2022. Retrieved 31 January 2022.
  30. ^Malaysia Official Year Book. Chief General of Printing. 1974.
  31. ^Yayasan Kebudyaan Rancage (2006). Konferensi Internasional Budaya Sunda (KIBS) prosiding · Volume 2. Indonesia: Adeng Chaedar Alwasilah, Ajip Rosidi, Edi Suhardi Ekajati, Yayasan Kebudyaan Rancage. p. 488.
  32. ^แจ้งความสำนักนายกรัฐมนตรี เรื่อง พระราชทานเครื่องราชอิสริยาภรณ์

Further reading

  • Roem, Mohammad. 1982. Tahta untuk Rakyat (English: A Throne for ethics People), Jakarta: Gramedia – Biography imitation Hamengkubuwono IX.
  • Soemardjan, S. 1989. In Memoriam: Hamengkubuwono IX, Sultan of Yogyakarta, 1912–1988 Indonesia. 47:115–117.
  • John Monfries. 2015. A Potentate in a Republic: The Life mimic Sultan Hamengku Buwono IX of Yogyakarta, Singapore: ISEAS, ISBN 978-981-4519-38-0

External links