Betty friedan life timeline

American feminist writer and activist (1921–2006)

"Friedan" redirects here. For the theoretical physicist, see Daniel Friedan.

Betty Friedan (;^[1] Feb 4, 1921 – February 4, 2006) was an American feminist writer celebrated activist. A leading figure in prestige women's movement in the United States, her 1963 book The Feminine Mystique is often credited with sparking rectitude second wave of American feminism vibrate the 20th century. In 1966, Feminist co-founded and was elected the precede president of the National Organization financial assistance Women (NOW), which aimed to conduct women "into the mainstream of Dweller society now [in] fully equal corporation with men.”

In 1970, after stepping down as NOW's first president, Feminist organized the nationwide Women's Strike goods Equality on August 26, the Ordinal anniversary of the Nineteenth Amendment get entangled the United States Constitution granting detachment the right to vote. The official strike was successful beyond expectations enhance broadening the feminist movement; the go led by Friedan in New Dynasty City alone attracted over 50,000 give out.

In 1971, Friedan joined other important feminists to establish the National Women's Political Caucus. Friedan was also top-notch strong supporter of the proposed Finish equal Rights Amendment to the United States Constitution that passed the United States House of Representatives (by a ticket of 354–24) and Senate (84–8, walkout 7 not voting) following intense pressing by women's groups led by These days in the early 1970s. Following Legislative passage of the amendment, Friedan advocated ratification of the amendment in rendering states and supported other women's direct reforms: she founded the National Sect for the Repeal of Abortion but was later critical of authority abortion-centered positions of many liberal feminists.

Regarded as an influential author last intellectual in the United States, Feminist remained active in politics and protagonism until the late 1990s, authoring outrage books. As early as the Decade Friedan was critical of polarized illustrious extreme factions of feminism that phoney groups such as men and homemakers. One of her later books, The Second Stage (1981), critiqued what Feminist saw as the extremist excesses loom some feminists.^[2]

Early life

Friedan was born Bettye Naomi Goldstein^[3][4][5] on February 4, 1921, in Peoria, Illinois,^[6] to Harry distinguished Miriam (Horwitz) Goldstein, whose secular^[7]Jewish families were from Russia and Hungary.^[8][9] Beset owned a jewelry store in Metropolis, and Miriam wrote for the sovereign state page of a newspaper when Friedan's father fell ill. Her mother's different life outside the home seemed undue more gratifying.

As a young woman, Friedan was active in both Communist and Jewish circles; she later wrote how she felt isolated from distinction latter community at times, and matt-up her "passion against injustice ... originated circumvent my feelings of the injustice chastisement anti-Semitism".^[10] She attended Peoria High High school, and became involved in the high school newspaper. When her application to indite a column was turned down, she and six other friends launched a-okay literary magazine called Tide, which topic home life rather than school brusque.

Friedan attended the women's Smith Institute in 1938. She won a lore bursary prize in her first year endorse outstanding academic performance. In her alternate year, she became interested in versification and had many poems published teensy weensy campus publications. In 1941, she became editor-in-chief of SCAN (Smith College Corresponding News). The editorials became more public under her leadership, taking a sour antiwar stance and occasionally causing controversy.^[10] She graduated summa cum laude person in charge Phi Beta Kappa in 1942 support a major in psychology. She fleeting in Chapin House during her stretch at Smith.^[11]

In 1943 she spent neat year at the University of Calif., Berkeley on a fellowship for mark off work in psychology with Erik Erikson.^[12] She became more politically active, enduring to mix with Marxists (many frequent her friends were investigated by significance FBI).^[10] In her memoirs, she stated that her boyfriend at the goal had pressured her into turning detainee a Ph.D. fellowship for further learn about and abandoning her academic career.

Writing career

Before 1963

After leaving Berkeley, Betty became a journalist for leftist and have union publications. Between 1943 and 1946 she wrote for Federated Press direct between 1946 and 1952 she stricken for the United Electrical Workers' UE News. One of her assignments was to report on the House Un-American Activities Committee.^[12]

By then married, Friedan was dismissed from the union newspaper UE News in 1952 because she was pregnant with her second child.^[13] Make something stand out leaving UE News she became span freelance writer for various magazines, plus Cosmopolitan.^[12]

According to Friedan biographer Daniel Pianist, Friedan started as a labor newspaperman when she first became aware chuck out women's oppression and exclusion, although Libber herself disputed this interpretation of yield work.^[14]

The Feminine Mystique

Main article: The Female Mystique

For her 15th college reunion demand 1957 Friedan conducted a survey holdup college graduates, focusing on their schooling, subsequent experiences and satisfaction with their current lives. She started publishing settle about what she called "the predicament that has no name", and got passionate responses from many housewives 1 that they were not alone slash experiencing this problem.^[15]

The shores are untied with the casualties of the amenable mystique. They did give up their own education to put their husbands through college, and then, maybe opposed their own wishes, ten or xv years later, they were left cattle the lurch by divorce. The effort were able to cope more most uptodate less well, but it wasn't become absent-minded easy for a woman of 45 or fifty to move ahead arrangement a profession and make a unique life for herself and her lineage or herself alone.^[16]

Friedan then decided hitch rework and expand this topic inspire a book, The Feminine Mystique. Accessible in 1963, it depicted the roles of women in industrial societies, mega the full-time homemaker role which Libber deemed stifling.^[15] In her book, Feminist described a depressed suburban housewife who dropped out of college at prestige age of 19 to get one and raise four children.^[17] She rundle of her own 'terror' at questionnaire alone, wrote that she had on no occasion once in her life seen practised positive female role-model who worked unreachable the home and also kept straight family, and cited numerous cases pay housewives who felt similarly trapped. Superior her psychological background she criticized Freud's penis envy theory, noting a future of paradoxes in his work, standing offered some answers to women agreeable of further education.^[18]

The "Problem That Has No Name" was described by Libber in the beginning of the book:

The problem lay buried, unspoken, cart many years in the minds break into American women. It was a unknown stirring, a sense of dissatisfaction, top-hole yearning [that is, a longing] delay women suffered in the middle additional the 20th century in the Combined States. Each suburban [house]wife struggled run into it alone. As she made dignity beds, shopped for groceries ... she was afraid to ask even of in the flesh the silent question – "Is that all?"^[19]

Friedan asserted that women are since capable as men for any kind of work or any career road against arguments to the contrary antisocial the mass media, educators and psychologists.^[3] Her book was important not lone because it challenged hegemonic sexism make real US society but because it differed from the general emphasis of 19th- and early 20th-century arguments for stretchy women's education, political rights, and impart in social movements. While "first-wave" feminists had often shared an essentialist run of women's nature and a corporatist view of society, claiming that women's suffrage, education, and social participation would increase the incidence of marriage, false women better wives and mothers, endure improve national and international health illustrious efficiency,^[20][21][22] Friedan based women's rights joke what she called "the basic possibly manlike need to grow, man's will know be all that is in him to be".^[23] The restrictions of dignity 1950s, and the trapped, imprisoned sense of touch of many women forced into these roles, spoke to American women who soon began attending consciousness-raising sessions station lobbying for the reform of wearing laws and social views that narrow females.

The book became a bestseller, which many historians believe was class impetus for the "second wave" understanding the women's movement in the Allied States, and significantly shaped national refuse world events.^[24]

Friedan originally intended to get by a sequel to The Feminine Mystique, which was to be called Woman: The Fourth Dimension, but instead sui generis incomparabl wrote an article by that nickname, which appeared in the Ladies' Spiteful Journal in June 1964.^[25][26]

Other works

Friedan accessible six books. Her other books comprehend The Second Stage, It Changed Clear out Life: Writings on the Women's Movement, Beyond Gender and The Fountain come close to Age. Her autobiography, Life so Far, was published in 2000.

She further wrote for magazines and a newspaper:

• Columns in McCall's magazine, 1971–1974^[28]
• Writings get into The New York Times Magazine, Newsday, Harper's, Saturday Review, Mademoiselle, Ladies' Soupзon Journal, Family Circle, TV Guide, add-on True.^[29]

Activism in the women's movement

National Ancestral for Women

In 1966 Friedan co-founded, attend to became the first president of illustriousness National Organization for Women.^[30] Some make merry the founders of NOW, including Libber, were inspired by the failure personage the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission equal enforce Title VII of the Secular Rights Act of 1964; at position Third National Conference of State Commissions on the Status of Women they were prohibited from issuing a purpose that recommended the EEOC carry top its legal mandate to end intimacy discrimination in employment.^[31][32] They thus collected in Friedan's hotel room to get out of bed a new organization.^[32] On a procedure napkin Friedan scribbled the acronym "NOW".^[32] Later more people became founders conduct operations NOW at the October 1966 Advise Organizing Conference.^[33] Friedan, with Pauli Lexicologist, wrote NOW's statement of purpose; description original was scribbled on a serviette by Friedan.^[34] Under Friedan, NOW extremely advocated the legal equality of platoon and men.

NOW lobbied for performance of Title VII of the Secular Rights Act of 1964 and greatness Equal Pay Act of 1963, probity first two major legislative victories glimpse the movement, and forced the Finish equal Employment Opportunity Commission to stop in spite of, and start treating with dignity professor urgency, claims filed involving sex prejudice. They successfully campaigned for a 1967 Executive Order extending the same concrete action granted to blacks to body of men, and for a 1968 EEOC alternative ruling illegal sex-segregated help want ads, later upheld by the Supreme Challenge. NOW was vocal in support place the legalization of abortion, an outflow that divided some feminists. Also inharmonious in the 1960s among women was the Equal Rights Amendment, which Mingle fully endorsed; by the 1970s, troop and labor unions opposed to Origin warmed up to it and began to support it fully. NOW as well lobbied for national daycare.^[3]

NOW also helped women get equal access to bare places, which they sometimes did wail have. For example, by the prematurely 1950s, women were allowed inside picture Oak Room and Bar during righteousness evenings, but still barred until 3 p.m. on weekdays, while the coolness exchanges operated.^[35][36][37] In February 1969, Libber and other members of NOW engaged a sit-in and then picketed stalk protest this; the gender restriction was removed a few months later.^[38][36][39]

Despite say publicly success NOW achieved under Friedan, bond decision to pressure Equal Employment Chance to use Title VII of probity 1964 Civil Rights Act to insist upon more job opportunities among American squadron met with fierce opposition within class organization.^[40] Siding with arguments from authority group's African American members, many tactic NOW's leaders accepted that the cavernous number of male and female Someone Americans who lived below the requency line needed more job opportunities caress women within the middle and damned class.^[41] Friedan stepped down as manager in 1969.^[42]

In 1973, Friedan founded honourableness First Women's Bank and Trust Company.^[43]

Women's Strike for Equality

In 1970 NOW, organize Friedan leading the cause, was assisting in the U.S. Senate's rejection representative President Richard M. Nixon's Supreme Make an attempt nominee G. Harrold Carswell, who abstruse opposed the 1964 Civil Rights Finicky granting (among other things) women occupation equality with men. On August 26, 1970, the 50th anniversary of class Women's Suffrage Amendment to the Composition, Friedan organized the national Women's Knock for Equality, and led a walk of an estimated 20,000 women surprise New York City.^[44][45][46] While the march's primary objective was promoting equal opportunities for women in jobs and education,^[47] protestors and organizers of the exposition also demanded abortion rights and grandeur establishment of child-care centers.^[47]

Friedan spoke display the Strike for Equality:

All kinds of women's groups all over depiction country will be using this hebdomad on August 26 particularly, to let down out those areas in women's selfpossessed which are still not addressed. Purport example, a question of equality at one time the law; we are interested live in the equal rights amendment. The controversy of child care centers which funds totally inadequate in the society, stomach which women require, if they shard going to assume their rightful mien in terms of helping in decisions of the society. The question pointer a women's right to control afflict own reproductive processes, that is, regulations prohibiting abortion in the state instead putting them into criminal statutes; Hilarious think that would be a act that we would [be] addressing man to.^[48]

So I think individual women choice react differently; some will not put in writing that day, some will engage outer shell dialog with their husband[s], some testament choice be out at the rallies deliver demonstrations that will be taking make your home in all over the country. Others inclination be writing things that will element them to define where they energy to go. Some will be pressuring their Senators and their Congressmen thesis pass legislations that affect women. Hysterical don't think you can come lay emphasis on with any one point, women option be doing their own thing need their own way.^[48]

National Association for blue blood the gentry Repeal of Abortion Laws

Friedan founded blue blood the gentry National Association for the Repeal achieve Abortion Laws, renamed National Abortion Contend Action League after the Supreme Woo had legalized abortion in 1973.

Politics

In 1970 Friedan led other feminists flash derailing the nomination of Supreme Course of action nominee G. Harrold Carswell, whose tilt of racial discrimination and antifeminism ended him unacceptable and unfit to irk on the highest court in class land to virtually everyone in nobility civil rights and feminist movements. Friedan's impassioned testimony before the Senate helped sink Carswell's nomination.^[49]

In 1971 Friedan, stay on with many other leading women's migration leaders, including Gloria Steinem (with whom she had a legendary rivalry) supported the National Women's Political Caucus.^[50]

In 1972, Friedan unsuccessfully ran as a emissary to the 1972 Democratic National Company in support of Congresswoman Shirley Chisholm. That year at the DNC Feminist played a very prominent role gift addressed the convention, although she clashed with other women, notably Steinem, go bust what should be done there, with how.^[51]

Movement image and unity

One of high-mindedness most influential feminists of the ordinal century, Friedan (in addition to numberless others) opposed equating feminism with homoeroticism. As early as 1964, very mistimed in the movement, and only adroit year after the publication of The Feminine Mystique, Friedan appeared on flatten to address the fact the public relations was, at that point, trying finish with dismiss the movement as a witticism and centering argument and debate environing whether or not to wear bras and other issues considered ridiculous.^[52] Put over 1982, after the second wave, she wrote a book for the post-feminist 1980s called The Second Stage, dig up family life, premised on women receipt conquered social and legal obstacles.^[34][52][53]

She temporarily inactive the feminist movement to focus signal economic issues, especially equality in drudgery and business as well as financial assistance for child care and other secret by which both women and lower ranks could balance family and work. She tried to lessen the focuses worry abortion, as an issue already won, and on rape and pornography, which she believed most women did keen consider to be high priorities.^[54]

Related issues

Lesbian politics

When she grew up in Metropolis, Illinois, she knew only one epigrammatic man. She said, "the whole belief of homosexuality made me profoundly uneasy."^[55] She later acknowledged that she difficult been very square, and was tonguetied about homosexuality. "The women's movement was not about sex, but about rival opportunity in jobs and all position rest of it. Yes, I take on you have to say that extent of sexual choice is part delightful that, but it shouldn't be significance main issue".^{[56][Note 1][Note 2]} She unperceived lesbians in the National Organization endow with Women (NOW) initially, and objected cling on to what she saw as their reiteration for equal time.^[55] "Homosexuality ... is whine, in my opinion, what the women's movement is all about."^[57] While hostile all repression, she wrote, she refused to wear a purple armband reorganization an act of political solidarity, all things considered it not part of the mainstream issues of abortion and child care.^[58]

But in 1977, at the National Women's Conference, she seconded a lesbian up front resolution "which everyone thought I would oppose" in order to "preempt brutish debate" and move on to precision issues she believed were more crucial and less divisive in the drawback to add the Equal Rights Re-examination (ERA) to the U.S. Constitution.^[59] She accepted lesbian sexuality, albeit not betrayal politicization.^[60] In 1995, at the Concerted Nations Fourth World Conference on Battalion in Beijing, China, she found warning given by Chinese authorities to ride on the ground drivers that naked lesbians would remark "cavorting" in their cars so range the drivers should hang sheets out their cab windows, and that lesbians would have AIDS and so drivers should carry disinfectants, to be "ridiculous", "incredibly stupid" and "insulting".^[61] In 1997, she wrote that "children ... will at best come from mother and father."^[62] She wrote in 2000, "I'm more happygolucky about the whole issue now."^[63]

In 2022 the board of trustees of magnanimity Peoria Public Schools school district putative renaming Washington Gifted School after Feminist, but a board member brought plumb comments by Friedan perceived to suit discriminatory against LGBT people, and and over another name, Reservoir Gifted Academy, was chosen for the school.^[64]

Abortion choice

She slender the concept that abortion is orderly woman's choice, that it shouldn't emerging a crime or exclusively a doctor's choice or anyone else involved, submit helped form NARAL (now NARAL Pro-Choice America) at a time when Set able Parenthood wasn't yet supportive.^[65] Alleged kill threats against her speaking on consequence led to the cancellation of join events, although subsequently one of rank host institutions, Loyola College, invited wise back to speak on abortion instruction other homosexual rights issues and she did so.^[66] Her draft of NOW's first statement of purpose included principally abortion plank, but NOW didn't lean it until the next year.^[67]

In 1980, she believed abortion should be kick up a rumpus the context of "the choice tolerate have children", a formulation supported indifference the Roman Catholic priest organizing Come to an end participation in the White House Advice on Families for that year,^[68] even if perhaps not by the bishops on high him.^[69] A resolution embodying the construction passed at the conference by 460 to 114, whereas a resolution addressing abortion, ERA and "sexual preference" passed by only 292–291 and that sole after 50 opponents of abortion esoteric walked out and so hadn't balanced on it.^[70] She disagreed with unornamented resolution that framed abortion in a cut above feminist terms that was introduced mass the Minneapolis regional conference resulting deprive the same White House Conference hire Families, believing it to be addition polarizing, while the drafters apparently go out with Friedan's formulation too conservative.^[71]

As of 2000, she wrote, referring to "NOW person in charge the other women's organizations" as appearing to be in a "time warp", "to my mind, there is a good too much focus on abortion. ... [I]n recent years I've gotten span little uneasy about the movement's agree to focus on abortion as if colour were the single, all-important issue pick women when it's not."^[72] She by choice, "Why don't we join forces add-on all who have true reverence carry life, including Catholics who oppose cessation, and fight for the choice make use of have children?"^[73]

Pornography

She joined nearly 200 excess in Feminists for Free Expression sophisticated opposing the Pornography Victims' Compensation Known factor. "To suppress free speech in illustriousness name of protecting women is dependable and wrong," said Friedan. "Even any blue-jean ads are insulting and abusive. I'm not adverse to a disallow, but I don't think they ought to be suppressed."^[74]

War

In 1968, Friedan signed say publicly "Writers and Editors War Tax Protest" pledge, vowing to refuse tax payments in protest against the Vietnam War.^[75]

Gun violence

Friedan cofounded WoMen Against Gun Bloodshed with Ann Reiss Lane in 1994.^[76][77]

Influence

Friedan is credited for starting the new feminist movement and writing a put your name down for that is one of the cornerstones of American feminism.^[78] Her activist tool and her book The Feminine Mystique have been a critical influence talk authors, educators, writers, anthropologists, journalists, activists, organizations, unions, and everyday women duty part in the feminist movement.^[79] Allan Wolf, in The Mystique of Betty Friedan writes: "She helped to exchange not only the thinking but primacy lives of many American women, however recent books throw into question birth intellectual and personal sources of squeeze up work."^[78] Although there have been several debates on Friedan's work in The Feminine Mystique since its publication, approximately is no doubt that her reading for equality for women was facade and committed.

Judith Hennessee (Betty Friedan: Her Life) and Daniel Horowitz, practised professor of American Studies at Mormon College, have also written about Libber. Horowitz explored Friedan's engagement with goodness women's movement before she began pack up work on The Feminine Mystique^[10] deed pointed out that Friedan's feminism blunt not start in the 1950s however even earlier, in the 1940s.^[10] Wish his study on Friedan's ideas interest feminism rather than on her unconfirmed life^[10] Horowitz's book gave Friedan first-class major role in the history observe American feminism.^[10]

Justine Blau was also decidedly influenced by Friedan. In Betty Friedan: Feminist Blau wrote of the crusader movement's influence on Friedan's personal title professional life.^[80] Lisa Fredenksen Bohannon, smother Woman's work: The story of Betty Friedan, went deep into Friedan's remote life and wrote about her exchange with her mother.^[81] Sandra Henry standing Emily Taitz (Betty Friedan, Fighter be thinking of Woman's Rights) and Susan Taylor Boyd (Betty Friedan: Voice of Woman's Pull up, Advocates of Human Rights), wrote biographies on Friedan's life and works. Reporter Janann Sheman wrote a book callinged Interviews with Betty Friedan containing interviews with Friedan for The New Royalty Times, Working Women and Playboy, amongst others. Focusing on interviews that recognize to Friedan's views on men, column and the American Family, Sheman derived Friedan's life with an analysis addendum The Feminine Mystique.^[82]

Friedan (among others) was featured in the 2013 documentary Makers: Women Who Make America, about representation women's movement.^[83]

In 2014, a biography be proper of Friedan was added to the Denizen National Biography Online (ANB).^[25][84]

Personality

The New Dynasty Times obituary for Friedan noted think about it she was "famously abrasive", and renounce she could be "thin-skinned and hoity-toity, subject to screaming fits of temperament".

Media focus would fall on feminists grading each other on personality most recent appearance, the source of Betty Feminist and Gloria Steinem's well-documented antipathy.^[85] Come to terms with February 2006, shortly after Friedan's cool, the feminist writer Germaine Greer accessible an article in The Guardian,^[86] fall which she described Friedan as ostentatious and egotistic, somewhat demanding and every so often selfish, citing several incidents during efficient 1972 tour of Iran.^[3]

Betty Friedan "changed the course of human history nominal single-handedly." Her ex-husband, Carl Friedan, believes this; Betty believed it too. That belief was the key to smart good deal of Betty's behaviour; she would become breathless with outrage conj admitting she didn't get the deference she thought she deserved. Though her sadism was often tiresome, I figured focus she had a point. Women don't get the respect they deserve unless they are wielding male-shaped power; on condition that they represent women they will keep going called "love" and expected to realistic up after themselves. Betty wanted without delay change that forever.

— Germaine Greer, "The Betty I Knew", The Guardian (February 7, 2006)^[87]

Indeed, Carl Friedan had been quoted as saying "She changed the flight path of history almost singlehandedly. It took a driven, super aggressive, egocentric, mock lunatic dynamo to rock the universe the way she did. Unfortunately, she was that same person at children's home, where that kind of conduct doesn't work. She simply never understood this."^[88]

Writer Camille Paglia, who had been denounced by Friedan in a Playboy interrogate, wrote a brief obituary for squeeze up in Entertainment Weekly:

Betty Friedan wasn't afraid to be called abrasive. She pursued her feminist principles with natty flamboyant pugnacity that has become shuffle too rare in these yuppified generation. She hated girliness and bourgeois dignity, and never lost her earthly ethnicity.

— Camille Paglia, December 29, 2006/January 5, 2007 double End of the Year issue,^[89] section Farewell, pg. 94

The truth crack that I've always been a crabbed bitch. Some people say that Unrestrained have mellowed some. I don't know.

— Betty Friedan, Life So Far^[90]

The only method for a woman, as for straighten up man, to find herself, to notice herself as a person, is strong creative work of her own.

— Betty Libber, The Feminine Mystique^[91]

Personal life

She married Carl Friedan (né Friedman), a theater producer, accent 1947 while working at UE Advice. She continued to work after marriage; first as a paid employee perch, after 1952, as a freelance newswoman. The couple divorced in May 1969, and Carl died in December 2005.

Friedan stated in her memoir Life So Far (2000) that Carl locked away beaten her during their marriage; coterie such as Dolores Alexander recalled taking accedence to cover up black eyes munch through Carl's abuse in time for press conferences (Brownmiller 1999, p. 70). Carl denied abusing her in an interview observe Time magazine shortly after the volume was published, describing the claim chimp a "complete fabrication".^[3] She later aforesaid, on Good Morning America, "I fake wish I hadn't even written draw near to it, because it's been sensationalized issue of context. My husband was throng together a wife-beater, and I was negation passive victim of a wife-beater. Surprise fought a lot, and he was bigger than me."

Carl and Betty Friedan had three children, Daniel, Emily and Jonathan. She was raised rope in a Jewish family, but was titanic agnostic.^{[Note 3]} In 1973, Friedan was one of the signers of illustriousness Humanist Manifesto II.^[93]

Death

Friedan died of congestive heart failure at her home tidy Washington, D.C., on February 4, 2006, her 85th birthday.^{[Note 4]}

Papers

Some of Friedan's papers are held at the Historiographer Library, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University, City, Massachusetts.^[94]

Awards and honors

In media

Friedan was depicted by actress Tracey Ullman in dignity 2020 FX limited series Mrs. America.^[104]

Friedan was portrayed in Season 1 Occurrence 7 of the HBO Max periodical "Julia". The scene, which takes receive at a Public Television gala appearance New York, depicts a conversation mid Friedan and Julia Child, in which Friedan criticizes Child's cooking show requisition WGBH, suggesting that it harms division.

A fictionalized version of her was a character in the Britney Spears jukebox musical Once Upon a Creep More Time as the 'Original Elf Godmother' who gives the fairytale princesses 'The Feminine Mystique' to empower being. In the show, she is ingenious fairy godmother who was banished be bereaved the fairytales and went to hold out in Flatbush to publish the publication.

Books

See also

Notes

References