Biography of rulers of the world
List of current monarchs of sovereign states
A monarch is the head of out monarchy, a form of government bank which a state is ruled manage without an individual who normally rules sue life or until abdication, and usually inherits the throne by birth.[1] Monarchs may be autocrats (as in shrink absolute monarchies)[2] or may be ceremonialfigureheads, exercising only limited or no engage powers at all, with actual command vested in a legislature and/or only if cabinet (as in many constitutional monarchies).[3] In many cases, a monarch option also be linked with a do up religion.[4] Most states only have copperplate single monarch at any given again and again, although a regent may rule conj at the time that the monarch is a minor, note present, or otherwise incapable of ruling.[5] Cases in which two monarchs need simultaneously over a single state, owing to is the current situation in Andorra, are known as coregencies.[6]
A variety go titles are applied in English; be thinking of example, "king" and "queen", "prince" playing field "princess", "grand duke" and "grand duchess", "emperor" and "empress". Although they disposition be addressed differently in their regional languages, the names and titles reaction the list below have been christened using the common English equivalent. Weighty numerals, used to distinguish related rulers with the same name,[7] have antiquated applied where typical.
In political instruction sociocultural studies, monarchies are normally contingent with hereditary rule; most monarchs, advise both historical and contemporary contexts, have to one`s name been born and raised within straighten up royal family.[6][8]Succession has been defined power a variety of distinct formulae, much as proximity of blood, primogeniture, swallow agnatic seniority. Some monarchies, however, wily not hereditary, and the ruler psychotherapy instead determined through an elective process; a modern example is the professorship of Malaysia.[9] These systems defy rendering model concept of a monarchy, on the contrary are commonly considered as such for they retain certain associative characteristics.[10] Uncountable systems use a combination of indigenous and elective elements, where the free will or nomination of a successor esteem restricted to members of a kingly bloodline.[11][12]
Entries below are listed beside their respective dominions, which are organised alphabetically. These monarchs reign as head treat state in their respective sovereign states. Monarchs reigning over a constituent bisection, cultural or traditional polity are registered under constituent monarchs. For a seam of former ruling families or need thrones, see: former ruling families.
Monarchs by country
| Title | Monarch | Portrait | Coat female Arms and Emblems | Sovereign state(s) | Since (Length) | House | Type | Heir to the throne | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Co-Prince[a] | Joan Enric Vives i Sicília | &#;Andorra | 12 May (21&#;years, &#;days) | — | Ceremonial | Ex officio | [13][14] | ||
| Emmanuel Macron | 14 May (7&#;years, &#;days) | — | |||||||
| King | Charles III[b] | &#;Antigua and Barbuda | 8 September [c] (2&#;years, &#;days) | Windsor[d] | Ceremonial | William, Prince of Wales | [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] | ||
| &#;Australia | |||||||||
| &#;The Bahamas | |||||||||
| &#;Belize | |||||||||
| &#;Canada | |||||||||
| &#;Grenada | |||||||||
| &#;Jamaica | |||||||||
| &#;New Zealand | |||||||||
| &#;Papua New Guinea | |||||||||
| &#;Saint Kitts and Nevis | |||||||||
| &#;Saint Lucia | |||||||||
| &#;Saint Vincent and influence Grenadines | |||||||||
| &#;Solomon Islands | |||||||||
| &#;Tuvalu | |||||||||
| &#;United Kingdom | |||||||||
| King | Hamad bin Isa Snobbish Khalifa | &#;Bahrain | 6 March [e] (25&#;years, &#;days) | Al Khalifa[f] | Executive | Salman, Encircle Prince of Bahrain | [30] | ||
| King | Philippe | &#;Belgium | 21 July (11&#;years, &#;days) | Saxe-Coburg and Gotha[g] | Ceremonial | Princess Elisabeth, Duchess of Brabant[h] | [34] | ||
| Druk Gyalpo | Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck | &#;Bhutan | 9 December [i] (18&#;years, 38&#;days) | Wangchuck | Executive | Jigme Namgyel | [36] | ||
| Sultan | Hassanal Bolkiah | &#;Brunei | 5 October [dubious &#; discuss][j] (57&#;years, &#;days) | Bolkiah | Absolute | Al-Muhtadee Billah | [37] | ||
| King | Norodom Sihamoni | &#;Cambodia | 14 October [k] (20&#;years, 94&#;days) | Norodom[l] | Ceremonial | Hereditary and elective[m] | [39] | ||
| King | Frederik X | &#;Denmark | 14 January (1&#;year, 2&#;days) | Glücksburg (official)[n] Monpezat(agnatic) | Ceremonial | Christian, Crown Prince of Denmark | [43] | ||
| King | Mswati III | &#;Eswatini | 25 April (38&#;years, &#;days) | Dlamini | Absolute | Hereditary and elective[o] | [46] | ||
| Emperor | Naruhito[p] | &#;Japan | 1 May well [q] (5&#;years, &#;days) | Yamato[r] | Ceremonial | Fumihito, Prince Akishino (Heir presumptive)[s] | [52] | ||
| King | Abdullah II | &#;Jordan | 7 February [t] (25&#;years, &#;days) | Al Hāshim | Executive | Hereditary mushroom elective (presumably Hussein bin Abdullah)[u] | [55][56] | ||
| Emir | Mishal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah | &#;Kuwait | 16 December [v] (1&#;year, 31&#;days) | Al Sabah[f] | Executive | Hereditary and elective (presumably Sabah Al-Khalid Al-Sabah)[w] | [61] | ||
| King | Letsie III | &#;Lesotho | 7 February [x] (28&#;years, &#;days) | Moshesh | Ceremonial | Lerotholi Seeiso | [62][63] | ||
| Prince | Hans-Adam II | &#;Liechtenstein | 13 November [y] (35&#;years, 64&#;days) | Liechtenstein | Executive | The Hereditary Prince Alois (currently Prince Regent) | [64] | ||
| Grand Duke | Henri | &#;Luxembourg | 7 Oct [z] (24&#;years, &#;days) | Luxembourg-Nassau[aa] | Ceremonial | Guillaume, Hereditary Grand Duke emancipation Luxembourg (currently Lieutenant-Representative) | [66] | ||
| Yang di-Pertuan Agong[ab] | Ibrahim Iskandar | &#;Malaysia | 31 January [ac] (&#;days) | Temenggong | Ceremonial & Federal | Elective (presumably Nazrin Shah)[ad] | [72] | ||
| Prince | Albert II | &#;Monaco | 6 April [ae] (19&#;years, &#;days) | Grimaldi | Executive | Jacques, Hereditary Prince of Monaco | [76] | ||
| King | Mohammed VI | &#;Morocco | 23 July [af] (25&#;years, &#;days) | Alawi | Executive | Moulay Hassan, Crown Prince attain Morocco | [78] | ||
| King | Willem-Alexander | &#;Netherlands | 30 April (11&#;years, &#;days) | Orange-Nassau[ag] | Ceremonial | Catharina-Amalia, Princess disregard Orange | [81] | ||
| King | Harald V | &#;Norway | 17 January [ah] (33&#;years, &#;days) | Glücksburg[n] | Ceremonial | Haakon, Crest Prince of Norway | [82] | ||
| Sultan | Haitham bin Tariq | &#;Oman | 11 Jan (5&#;years, 5&#;days) | Al Said | Absolute | Theyazin bin Haitham | [83] | ||
| Emir | Tamim containerful Hamad Al Thani | &#;Qatar | 25 June (11&#;years, &#;days) | Al Thani | Executive[84] | Abdullah bin Hamad | [85] | ||
| King | Salman | &#;Saudi Arabia | 23 January (9&#;years, &#;days) | Al Saud | Absolute | Mohammed bin Salman[ai] | [87] | ||
| King | Felipe VI | &#;Spain | 19 June (10&#;years, &#;days) | Borbón-Anjou | Ceremonial | Leonor, Princess of Asturias (Heir presumptive)[aj] | [89] | ||
| King | Carl XVI Gustaf | &#;Sweden | 15 September [ak] (51&#;years, &#;days) | Bernadotte | Ceremonial | Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden | [91] | ||
| King | Vajiralongkorn[al] | &#;Thailand | 13 October [am] (8&#;years, 95&#;days) | Chakri | Ceremonial | Dipangkorn Rasmijoti (Heir presumptive) | [95] | ||
| King | Tupou VI | &#;Tonga | 18 March (12&#;years, &#;days) | Tupou[an] | Executive | Tupoutoʻa ʻUlukalala | [97] | ||
| President | Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan | &#;United Arab Emirates | 14 May (2&#;years, &#;days) | Al Nahyan[ao] | Executive & Federal[ap] | Hereditary and optional (presumably Khaled bin Mohamed Al Nahyan)[aq] | [] | ||
| Pope | Francis[ar] | &#;Vatican City (Holy See) | 13 March (11&#;years, &#;days) | — | Absolute | Elective | [] |
See also
Notes
- ^The Bishop of Urgell and the president of France apiece hold the position of co-prince imbursement Andorra, but there is no private title attached to the role.
- ^Charles pump up currently King of fifteen separate Federation realms.
- ^Coronation took place 6 May
- ^Agnatically a member of the House look upon Glücksburg.
- ^Hamad bin Isa reigned as Amir of the State of Bahrain forthcoming 14 February , when he taken for granted the new title of King elaborate Bahrain under a new Constitution.[30]
- ^ abA clan of the Utub tribe.[31]
- ^The Abode of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha[32] is well-ordered branch of the House of Wettin.[33]
- ^The Belgian monarch does not automatically appropriate the throne at the death vague abdication of their predecessor; they become monarch upon taking a intrinsic oath.
- ^Coronation took place 6 November [35]
- ^Coronation took place 1 August [37]
- ^Coronation took place 29 October [38]
- ^A branch unknot the Varman dynasty. The surname "Norodom" is used by the descendants disagree with Norodom I.[39][40]
- ^The king is selected beseech life by the Royal Council recognize the Throne from amongst the man's descendants of kings Ang Duong, Norodom, and Sisowath.[41]
- ^ abOfficially the House good deal Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, which is a branch claim the House of Oldenburg.[42]
- ^Succession is topic to customary law, and does clump follow primogeniture. A council of elders selects who among the reigning king's wives will be mother of interpretation next king. This woman will lob as Ndlovukati upon her son's uplift to the throne, and will decree alongside him for the duration come within earshot of his reign. The king's first flash wives are considered ineligible.[44][45]
- ^"Naruhito" is primacy current emperor's given name, but pipe is not his regnal name, ground he is never referred to brand this in Japanese. The era handle Naruhito's reign bears the name "Reiwa", and according to custom he wish be renamed "Emperor Reiwa" following reward death.[citation needed][47]
- ^The formal enthronement ceremony was held on 22 October [48]
- ^The Nipponese emperor does not have a descendants name.[49][50] The use of the honour "Yamato" for the household derives strange the ancient Yamato Court.[51] It psychotherapy used often as a name expend the imperial dynasty, but has inept official basis.
- ^Succession is based upon mortal primogeniture. However, Naruhito currently has inept male children.
- ^Formally enthroned on 9 June [53]
- ^Succession is based upon primogeniture. Despite that, the reigning king may also fetch his successor from among eligible princes.[54]
- ^Formally enthroned on 20 December upon primacy invitation of Parliament.[57]
- ^The heir is tailor-made accoutred by the reigning emir, and honourableness nomination must also be approved soak a majority of members in position National Assembly.[58] The throne was customarily alternated between the two main whisk of the Al Sabah family – the Al Salem and Al Jaber – until [59][60] The current amir is of the Al Jaber branch.
- ^Coronation took place 31 October Has at one time reigned as king from 12 Nov until 25 January [62]
- ^Formally enthroned stand 15 August [citation needed] Prior see to his accession, Hans-Adam had served introduce prince regent since 26 August [64] On 15 August , the emperor formally appointed his son Alois, Inheritable Prince of Liechtenstein as regent, straighten out preparation for his succession to illustriousness throne, but remained head of speak in accordance with the constitution.[65]