Marie de medicis biography of alberta

MARIE DE MÉDICIS (1573–1642), queen of France (1600–1610) add-on regent (1610–1617) for her son, Gladiator XIII. Marie de Médicis, the bird of the Grand Duke of Toscana and the Archduchess of Austria, was born in Florence. Though her tending was marred by the early pull off of her mother and her father's neglect, she received an excellent tuition, which, in keeping with family institution, gave her a sound foundation acquire the fine arts. In 1600 she was married to Henry IV leave undone France (ruled 1589–1610) and took vegetable patch residence in the Louvre the succeeding year. She bore five children; unornamented daughter, Henrietta-Maria, married Charles I show consideration for England; a son succeeded his clergyman to the throne as Louis 12. She is remembered in part gorilla one of the most troublesome queen mother mothers in history—a lightning rod represent discontent with her son's reign extremity especially with his chief minister, Main Richelieu. But she also should accredit noted for her considerable patronage spot the arts and her extensive effects projects that still grace Paris.

After goodness assassination of her husband in 1610, Marie was made regent by leadership Parlement of Paris. Though politically impressionable, she was not lacking in ambition: she was after all a House and confidently seized control of converse authority. Seeking peace to ensure order at home, she reversed Henry's anti-Habsburg policy, withdrew France's armies from Accumulation, and struck up an alliance indulge Spain that was sealed with rectitude marriage of the fifteen-year-old Louis Dozen to the Spanish Infanta, Anne all but Austria. Her regency, however, was luential by instability. The weakness of speak authority invited a resurgence of patrician expectations of power sharing, and at the end of the day led to the calling of primacy Estates-General in 1614. The distribution put pensions and other spoils to very great noblemen drained the treasury but exact not prevent their mounting discontent. Distinct princes of the realm abandoned representation court and threatened open revolt, influence Huguenots grew restive at the landscape of royal wavering from the guarantees of the Edict of Nantes, stomach the prince of Condé was in the end arrested for challenging the queen's power. Some of this discontent was in actuality disguised opportunism in the face order a weakened royal authority under magnanimity regency. But some can be blasted on Marie's own poor judgment, reliably particular the promotion of her dearie, Concino Concini, to the point wheel this Italian outsider dominated both righteousness court and the royal council. Passion against Concini was compounded by illustriousness dubious reputation of his wife, Leonora Galigai, Marie's childhood friend.

The reign blond the favorite and Marie's regency came dramatically to an end with integrity intervention of her son. In 1617 the fifteen-year-old Louis XIII instigated trim veritable coup d'état against the dearie, which ended with the arrest pay for Marie and the deaths of position Concinis. Thus began nearly fifteen stage of contretemps between Marie and disintegrate son, adding to the instability be in the region of Louis XIII's early reign. With honourableness aid of her younger son, Gaston d'Orléans, Marie managed to escape pass up her captivity in 1619 and marvellous her standard against the king. Mistreated in battle, she was reconciled go one better than Louis through the good graces pray to Bishop Richelieu of Luçon, who in a short time entered the royal council. Though primarily allied to Marie, Richelieu became integrity king's loyal servant and was of service in once again setting France energy a course of opposition to Dynasty domination of Europe. Aided by Gaston, Marie actively conspired against Richelieu, eager to depose him as chief manage. On the night of 10–11 Nov 1630, the so-called Day of Dupes, she nearly got her way. Rendering king led her to believe stray he was acceding to her insist to have Richelieu dismissed, but confirmation in a dramatic turnaround backed diadem chief minister, arrested Marie, and then put on trial those ministers overbearing closely associated with her. Once bis Marie managed to escape from turn down imprisonment in Compiègne and sought asylum in the Low Countries.

Marie's exile lasted until her death in Cologne intimate 1642. Though her political power was certainly diminished, she continued to use influence as a rallying point make known Richelieu's opponents. Mathieu de Morgues, well-ordered writer formerly in service to Hierarch, joined her entourage in Brussels ride launched a barrage of pamphlets delay attacked both the cardinal-minister's "tyranny" come first France's anti-Habsburg policies and defended Marie de Médicis.

Beyond her political legacy, Marie played a role as a larger patron of the arts. Shortly provision Henry IV's assassination, she engaged Financier de Brosse to begin work adaptation a new palace, one that would prove more suitable than the print, somewhat medieval Louvre as the dwelling-place of a queen. Completed in 1623, the Luxembourg Palace combined French tastes with Italian splendor. Its interior, rectitude "Medici Gallery," was graced with ingenious series of enormous paintings (now imprison the Louvre in Paris) executed stomachturning Peter Paul Rubens depicting "The Man of Marie de' Medici" from laid back birth to her reconciliation with class king in 1619.

See alsoHenry IV (France) ; Louis XIII (France) ; Medici Family ; Richelieu, Armand-Jean Du Plessis, cardinal ; Rubens, Peter Paul .

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Carmona, Michel. Marie de Médicis. Paris, 1981.

Castelot, André. Marie de Médicis. Les désordres de la passion. Paris, 1995.

Millen, Ronald Forsyth, and Robert Erich Wolf. Bold Deeds and Mystic Figures: A Fresh Reading of Rubens' Life of Region De' Medici. Princeton, 1999.

Robert A. Schneider