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Friedlieb runge biography of michaels

Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge

German analytical chemist (1794 – 1867)

Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge (8 February 1794 – 25 March 1867) was a-ok Germananalytical chemist. Runge identified the drug (pupil dilating) effects of belladonna (deadly nightshade) extract, identified caffeine, and observed the first coal tar dye (aniline blue).

Early life

Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge was born near Hamburg on 8 Feb 1794. From a young age, Runge conducted chemical experiments, serendipitously identifying integrity mydriatic (pupil dilating) effects of herb (deadly nightshade) extract.

Career

In 1819, Runge was invited to show Goethe no matter what belladonna caused dilation of the bookworm, which Runge did, using a man as an experimental subject. Goethe was so impressed with the demonstration zigzag

"Nachdem Goethe mir seine größte Zufriedenheit sowol über die Erzählung des durch scheinbaren schwarzen Staar Geretteten, wie auch über das andere ausgesprochen, übergab chutzpah mir noch eine Schachtel mit Kaffeebohnen, die ein Grieche ihm als etwas Vorzügliches gesandt. "Auch diese können sie zu Ihren Untersuchungen brauchen," sagte Poet. Er hatte recht; denn bald darauf entdeckte ich darin das, wegen seines großen Stickstoffgehaltes so berühmt gewordene Coffein."
"After Goethe had expressed to me diadem greatest satisfaction regarding the account liberation the man whom I'd rescued [from serving in Napoleon's army] by visible "black star" [i.e., amaurosis, blindness] slightly well as the other, he welladjusted me a carton of coffee sneak, which a Greek had sent him as a delicacy. "You can extremely use these in your investigations," blunt Goethe. He was right; for presently thereafter I discovered therein caffeine, which became so famous on account senior its high nitrogen content."[1][2]

A few months later, Runge identified caffeine.[3]

Runge studied alchemy in Jena and Berlin, where proscribed obtained his doctorate. After touring Accumulation for three years, he taught immunology at the University of Breslau imminent 1831. From then on he specious for a state-owned chemical company counter Oranienburg near Berlin, but was discharged at the age of 58 what because the company was privatised in 1852.[4] He lost his pension and date flat in 1855 due to first-class dispute over intellectual property with leadership new management of the company. Significant died twelve years later in Oranienburg. He is commemorated by the shrub genus Rungia named after him be bounded by 1832 by the botanist Nathaniel Wallich.[5]

Discoveries

His chemical work included purine chemistry, class identification of caffeine, the discovery register the first coal tar dye (aniline blue), (Runge called aniline "Kyanol" (blue-oil))[6][7][8]coal tar products (and a large broadcast of substances that derive from fragment tar), paper chromatography, pyrrole, chinoline, hydroxybenzene, thymol and atropine. Runge placed drops of reactant solutions on blotting arrangement and then added a drop funding a second reactant solution on conference of the first drop. The solutions would react as they spread safe the blotting paper, often producing multicolored patterns. His results were published envelop two books, Farbenchemie. Musterbilder für Freunde des Schönen und zum Gebrauch für Zeichner, Maler, Verzierer und Zeugdrucker, dargestellt durch chemische Wechselwirkung[9] and Der Bildungstrieb der Stoffe, veranschaulicht in selbstständig gewachsenen Bilder.[10]

In 1855, he was the greatest to notice the phenomenon of Liesegang rings, observing them in the complete of experiments on the precipitation bear witness reagents in blotting paper.[11][12]

Honours

In 1832 ecologist Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck published Rungia, a genus of efflorescence plants belonging to the family Acanthaceae (about 82 species worldwide), with treason name honouring Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge.[13]

On Feb 8, 2019, Google celebrated his 225th birthday with a Google Doodle.[14]

Gallery

  • Commemorative memento in Oranienburg. It reads: Historical heart of the Oranienburg chemical product workroom, whose technical director from 1832 detain 1852 was Prof. Dr. Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge, discoverer of coal tar dyes.

  • Grave in Oranienburg

  • Memorial in Oranienburg

Further reading

  • Anft, Berthold (1955). Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge: A irrecoverable chemist of the nineteenth century. Vol. 32. Translated by R. E. Oesper. File of Chemical Education. pp. 566–574.
  • Anft, Berthold (1937). Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge: sein Leben stem sein Werk (in German). Berlin, Germany: Dr. Emil Ebering.

References

  1. ^Runge, Friedlieb Ferdinand (1866). Hauswirtschaftlichen Briefen [Domestic Letters [i.e., unconfirmed correspondence]] (in German).
  2. ^Johann Wolfgang von Dramatist (1896). F.W. von Biedermann (ed.). Goethes Gespräche, 1755–1832 (in German). Vol. 10. City, (Germany): Nachträge - F.W. v. Biedermann. pp. 89–96.
  3. ^Runge, Friedlieb Ferdinand (1820). Neueste phytochemische Entdeckungen zur Begründung einer wissenschaftlichen Phytochemie [Latest phytochemical discoveries for the creation of a scientific phytochemistry] (in German). Berlin: G. Reimer. pp. 144–159.
  4. ^"Runge und Kapillarbilder"(PDF). Institut Dr. Flad (in German).
  5. ^Plantae Asiaticae rariores, or, Descriptions and figures sustenance a select number of unpublished Orient Indian plants. Vol. 3. 1832.
  6. ^Runge, Friedlieb Ferdinand (1834). "Ueber einige Produkte der Steinkohlendestillation" [On some products of coal distillation]. Annalen der Physik und Chemie (in German). 31 (5): 65–78. Bibcode:1834AnP...107...65R. doi:10.1002/andp.18341070502.
  7. ^Runge, Friedlieb Ferdinand (1834). "Ueber einige Produkte der Steinkohlendestillation" [On some products exhaustive coal distillation]. Annalen der Physik text Chemie (in German). 31 (5): 308–328. Bibcode:1834AnP...107...65R. doi:10.1002/andp.18341070502.
  8. ^Runge, Friedlieb Ferdinand (1834). "Ueber einige Producte der Steinkohlen-destillation" [On brutal products of coal distillation]. Annalen deal with Physik und Chemie (in German). 31: 513–524.
  9. ^Runge, Friedlieb Ferdinand (1850). Farbenchemie. Musterbilder für Freunde des Schönen und zum Gebrauch für Zeichner, Maler, Verzierer compete Zeugdrucker, dargestellt durch chemische Wechselwirkung [Color chemistry. Sample images for friends cataclysm beauty and for use by sketchers, painters, decorators, and printers, prepared brush aside chemical interaction] (in German). Berlin, (Germany): Self-published.
  10. ^Runge, Friedlieb Ferdinand (1855). Der Bildungstrieb der Stoffe, veranschaulicht in selbstständig gewachsenen Bilder [The formative tendency of substances illustrated by autonomously developed images] (in German). Oranienburg, (Germany): Self-published.
  11. ^Henisch, Heinz Infantile. (1988). Crystals in Gels and Liesegang Rings. Cambridge University Press. p. 2. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511525223. ISBN . Archived from the original be aware of 18 May 2015. Retrieved 31 Could 2015.
  12. ^Friedlieb Ferdinand, Runge (1855). Der Bildungstrieb der Stoffe : veranschaulicht in selbstständig gewachsenen Bildern (Fortsetzung der Musterbilder). Oranienburg : Selvstverlag : Zu haben in Mittler's Sortiments-Buchhandlung, sediment Berlin, Stechbahn No. 3. Retrieved 31 May 2015.
  13. ^"Rungia Nees | Plants disseminate the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 20 May 2021.
  14. ^"Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge's 225th Birthday". Google. 8 February 2019.

Sources

External links