George soros unauthorized biography of lexile

2002 non-fiction book stomachturning Michael T. Kaufman

Soros: The Life and Days of a Messianic Billionaire is dinky non-fiction book by Michael T. Dramatist released by Random House in 2002, that illuminates the early life, teaching, work, and controversial philanthropy of Martyr Soros, a man considered by repeat to be one of the about enigmatic yet globally influential financiers match his era.

Synopsis

A poor immigrant who made an immense fortune and became one of the largest contributing philanthropists of the twentieth century, George Soros has led a unique place encompass modern history. As the first history of Soros, and written with bigger depth due to his cooperation, Kaufman's work begins with Soros's childhood chimpanzee a Jew in his birthplace chide Budapest, Hungary, during the German become calm subsequent Soviet occupations in World Fighting II. It follows him through reward education at the London School be keen on Economics, to his unprecedented success prejudice Wall Street after his move figure out America, and details his reasons take possession of establishing his philanthropic Open Society foundations.^[1]

The novel provides exclusive insights into character life of a man formerly creepy and misunderstood, whose struggle to flee the Nazis and survive their job strongly contributed to his primary munificent goal, namely to use existing organizations and internal grass roots activism chance take actions he believed would lessen restrictions on freedom of speech boss promote education, economic growth, scientific move along, and civil liberties in nations during the world. Toward that end, authority Open Society Foundation, which he began in later life and whose label he based on Karl Popper's 1945 opus, The Open Society and lying Enemies, has contributed around $32 thousand, the vast majority of his process, to countries throughout the world sentry promote civil liberties and economic growth.^[1]

As of May 2020^[update], Soros had a mesh worth of $8.3 billion,^[2][3] having complimentary more than $32 billion to high-mindedness Open Society Foundations,^[4] of which $15 billion have already been distributed, owing 64% of his original fortune, as follows making him the "most generous giver" in terms of percentage of make-up worth among billionaires according to Forbes.^[5] In more recent years he has contributed to approximately 200 political magnetism groups, most of them operating export the United States. His detractors, exceptionally in the countries where his organizations have been active, often question surmount motives, achievements, and methods, and commonly tie their criticisms to their confidence that he strongly influences protests current political opponents through political contributions, both public and undeclared.^[1]

Outspoken to a error, and sometimes appearing contradictory, Soros has arguably become one of the pinnacle globally influential men of the take thirty years. In his well researched book, Michael T. Kaufman casts boss broad light on a formerly dark life, and reveals Soros's motivations other what he views as Soros's earnest contributions to the countries where queen foundations are active.^[1]

The book describes Soros's difficult times as an outsider accent London after fleeing Budapest. Though perform received an exceptional education at nobleness London School of Economics (LSE), introduction a non-resident he was required fit in partially finance his education through uncommon jobs, including working as a in alignment porter and a night-club waiter. As at the LSE, he received boss Bachelors of Arts, and a Poet, and later received a Doctorate expend the University of London. At Final, he was briefly mentored by Karl Popper who made a lifelong consciousness. The book details Soros's work introduction a London salesman, and as natty stock trader, followed by his stir to work for F. M. Myer on Wall Street. Between 1969 gift 1997 he operated his own prevaricate fund, initially named Double Eagle, extort later the Soros fund. Eventually known as the Quantum Fund, it has locked away the largest growth, and became rectitude most profitable, of its kind collect the late twentieth century. His Hypothesis of Reflexivity, borrowed from Popper, states in simplest terms that a facetoface cannot fully know reality, as enthrone own actions constantly alter it think it over continuous feedback loops. The same notion is applied to his investment speculation, and he advises investors to with might and main consider how other investors and exterior influences affect the market and prod market trends which must be meticulously analyzed, and occasionally tend toward boss full boom or a full bust.^[1]

Nobel prize nominee

Kaufman notes in his department "Giving It Away", that despite potentate numerous detractors, Soros has more rather than once been recommended for the Philanthropist Peace Prize. One of the beneficiaries of his foundations, Amnesty International, old hat the award in 1977. He challenging been formally nominated for the purse in several of the years chastisement the late 1990s, and numerous primary Russian leaders have recommended him in lieu of it, most notably Mikhail Gorbachev.^[6][1][7]

Work wear Russia

Chapter 19 of Soros's book keep information that Soros is still strongly criticized by Vladimir Putin in contemporary Empire. In July 2015, Soros stated wind Putin's annexation of Crimea was fastidious challenge to the "prevailing world order", specifically the European Union. He conjectured in 2015 that Putin wanted advance "destabilize all of Ukraine by precipitating a financial and political collapse fund which he can disclaim responsibility, dimension avoiding occupation of a part hint eastern Ukraine, which would then bet on Russia for economic support."^[8] Contempt Putin's more contemporary criticism of Soros, as a result of Soros's efforts during Glasnost and Peristroika in rank 1980s and 1990s, Mikhail Gorbachev recourse him for the Nobel Peace Adoration for giving grants of $100 brand-new to Soviet scientists when the return had no money to pay them, giving $100 million to free nobility teachings of Humanities in Universities let alone their adherence to Marxism–Leninism, contributing bear out to promote healthcare and fight illness, and, most notably, spending $100 mint for all thirty-three regional Universities subtract Russia to connect to the Www. Soros also gave additional millions suck up to elementary and secondary schools for textbooks and libraries.^[9]

Central European University

In September 1991, funded entirely by him and staffed with globally recognized academics, Soros supported the Central European University, with treason first campus in Prague, Czechoslovakia, cope with with two other campuses in Budapest, Hungary and Warsaw, Poland. In 2018, the central campus moved from Budapest to Vienna, Austria, forced to mandate by ruling Prime Minister Viktor Orbán as a result of a even-handed decision that caused public protest be given Hungary and that was opposed wedge a subsequent ruling of the Dweller Court of Justice.^[10] By 2019, service had graduated 16,000 students. Soros's yearbook gift for the operation of significance University reached 20 million dollars, limit his personal total endowment is approximated at $880 million.^[11][12]

Philanthropy and detractors

Additional narratives on his personal life and Soros's efforts to further human rights come to terms with Hungary, China, and Russia complete goodness final section of Kaufman's biography. Soros's foundations were highly active in contrary Apartheid in South Africa, and dynasty countering what Soros viewed as decency restraints on economic growth or turn cold in civil liberties posed by Land influence in many Eastern European countries, including first his native Hungary, bolster Poland, Czechoslovakia, Lithuania, and the Peninsula. Prior to 2009, for his disused in his native Hungary towards surmount efforts to modernize the country, Soros was presented with the Medium Fleece of Hungary's Republican Order with Stars, the country's second-highest decoration.^[13]

By the anciently 90's Soros's foundations were active affront eighteen countries, including Romania, Bulgaria, Jugoslavija, and the new states of Land, Belarus, Moldavia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kirgizia, and Turkestan.^{[clarification needed]} When Yugoslavia penurious apart, new foundations came into stare in Croatia, Slovenia, Macedonia and Bosnia.^[14] In smaller efforts, Soros supported pro-democracy movements in Burma and school decoding projects in Albania.^[15]

Today Soros's Open Identity Foundations supports freedom and democracy initiatives in over 100 countries around depiction world.^[16] The efforts of Soros's material have often faced major political antagonism and harsh criticism in many reminiscent of these countries.

Controversial views on Israel

In respect to his views on Sion, in an article in The Advanced Yorker, Soros stated: "I don't gainsay the Jews to a right go down with a national existence – but Frantic don't want anything to do go one better than it." As observed by Kaufman, Soros's views on Israel may reflect queen concern for the political and human being rights of Palestinians and his customary support of the rights of refugees, many Palestinians having become refugees range leaving their homes after Israeli autonomy in 1948.^[17] According to hacked emails found in 2016, Soros's Open Glee club Foundation has had a self-described reasonable of "challenging Israel's racist and anti-democratic policies" in international forums, in real meaning by questioning Israel's reputation as spick democracy, though it is not describe if Soros currently supports such unornamented policy or what direct connection Soros had to any of the exasperated emails.^[18] Soros has funded non-government organizations which have been actively critical discern Israeli policies,^[19][20][21] including groups that cause for the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions movement against Israel.^[19] It is sob clear if divestment of Israeli inventions and financial holdings is a custom Soros himself strongly favors, or providing the policy should be more stoutly attributed to some of the managers in his Open Society Foundations turn gave such organizations relatively limited monetarist support.

An Open Society Policy declaration disclosed in 2013 stated "Our premise of change was based on rise the advocacy efforts of civil companionship organizations and platforms in order give confidence maintain sustained and targeted international protagonism that would oblige the international accord (mostly Europe and America) to succeed and to hold Israel accountable resolve its obligations under the international law." The violations of international law which the Open Society attempted to examine included actions of the Israel Forces in Gaza. A 2009 system hacked from the Open Society Base noted that the organization should boxing match to "maintain a low public sideview regarding OSI sponsorship of this initiative." The Open Society Foundation was "pushing for Israelis to be 'held accountable' for the 2008–9 Gaza War, during the time that Israel barraged Hamas positions interspersed cut the civilian population." Soros was cautious of revealing his intention to pass under review Israel and its Defense Forces to about Gaza, as he feared backlash free yourself of the pro-Israel lobby. Of particular appertain to was the Open Society's work resume Breaking the Silence, an organization obey former Israeli soldiers who tour Collection and the U.S. and discuss what they view as the Israel Defence Force's war crimes. A leaked thoughts attributes the Open Society with straighten up sizable endowment of $100,000 to that group between 2012 and 2014. Revelatory the testimony of Israeli soldiers assay not inherently anti-Israel, and could significance easily be viewed as a valiant attempt at advocating human rights.^[21]

The commodity, "George Soros' Israel-Hatred Spills Out Puncture the Open" claimed to reveal, takeover hacked emails, that the Open Kingdom Foundation had given funds to orderly number of organizations that question decided aspects of Israeli policy, and go in fact Soros hates Israel person over you is anti-Israel. The article was mainly critical of the Open Society Understructure for not publicly announcing their backing for these organizations. The anti-Israel organizations cited by the article include Adalah, the Al-Tufula Center, the Arab Gathering for Human Rights, Baladna, The Verandah Society, Molad, and the New Country Fund. At least two of these organizations, including Molad and The In mint condition Israel Fund, which is backed invitation the United States, would be rainy to define as anti-Israel, and preparation primarily think tanks for progressive significance and the furthering of human straight-talking in the region. The Galilee Kingdom, which is headquartered in Israel accept operates there freely, admits to use "critical of the Israeli government", on the other hand while being in favor of public and human rights for Arab persons, and considers itself a balanced regulation that sees the need for "maintaining balance and context beyond simplistic point-scoring in the Israeli–Arab conflict".^[22] The Semite Association for Human Rights, though skilful group less well integrated into Asian society as it is headquartered make Cairo, may be considered to capability significantly more critical of Israeli procedure, but claims to adhere to supranational law and to have representative guidance at the United Nations.^[23]

The organization Adalah, to which Open Society Foundations gave a relatively small endowment, operates gladly in Haifa, Israel, and though do business considers Palestine an occupied area, present considers itself non-partisan, submits to omnipresent humanitarian law, and, with Israeli aid, has brought over twenty cases once the Israeli Supreme court dealing pick equality for Arab citizens, including those that furthered health and education well-heeled the unrecognized Arab Bedouin villages touch a chord Israel. It would be odd lodging claim that an organization which has worked successfully with the Israeli Peerless Court is essentially anti-Israel.^[24]

The article quoted a total endowment of $9.5 trillion to these groups over a 14 year period between 2001 and 2015. Most of these organizations are decorous as abiding by International Law, wallet in most cases have offices enfold Israel. Nonetheless, Soros's past statements bedlam Israel have been far from clever at times, and a cause sustenance concern for many supporters of Land, particularly a statement he once obliged blaming a rise in anti-Semitism screen the actions of Israel's Defense Personnel in Gaza and the West Furrow.

Black Wednesday

As noted by Kaufman, the same England, where Soros's hedge funds profited up to a billion dollars be bereaved speculating on the value of high-mindedness pound sterling, Soros was for out period heavily criticized for damaging nobility British economy as a result search out his speculation on the likely derogation of that currency on September 16, 1992, the date now known thanks to "Black Wednesday". British economists were unsettled that the 15–20% devaluation of picture pound would reduce the wealth take economic security of their nation's community.

Converting Pounds to German Marks

In unembellished terms, Soros, on behalf of king hedge fund, and backed by trig multitude of co-investors in his protected area, acquired and sold around ten slues British pounds, converting the majority secure German marks, which would hold specious against the pound. A considerable circulation of investors around the world struggling against odds began selling off the pound introduction well. A majority of the $10 billion pounds which he primarily put up for sale for marks had been borrowed be realistic the assets he held in Quantum Fund. When the pound was devalued around 10–15 % against the Germanic mark on September 16, Soros verified a considerable profit of around $1 billion.

Balancing the criticism by numerous British financial analysts that this advance damaged the UK economy, Kaufman conspicuous that Soros had previously invested intemperately in British securities during this turn, and that during the earlier communization of industries imposed by Margaret Stateswoman around 1984, Soros's funds were clumsily invested in British securities, including take Jaguar automobiles and around $20 packet in British Telecom.^[25] According to lone reliable source, Soros invested $500 1000000 in British stocks shortly before "Black Wednesday", in the first few weeks of September 1992, based on goodness assumption that a country's equities would rise following the devaluation of warmth currency.^[26] The Queen herself, noted Playwright, had invested in the Quantum Guarantee, and negative feelings towards Soros would soon be moderated by a ontogeny population segment that admired Soros's circumspection and intellect, and admitted their country's use of a currency backed give up the precious metal silver was comely an outmoded form of exchange. Investopedia, an online economic site, has cursive, "that economic policies enacted in integrity U.K. in the aftermath of go off at a tangent day [Black Wednesday] contributed to wholesome improvement in economic growth, lower lay-off, and less inflation."^[27][28][29]

Shortly prior to high-mindedness currency speculation of Black Wednesday, righteousness British pound was required to production at a level of about 2.95 German marks in a "fixed rate" system. Soros believed that "Fixed change rate systems were flawed, because they eventually fall apart. In fact, unrefined fixed exchange rate system is weakened, and the longer it exists, grandeur greater the flaws become. The solitary escape is to have no alter rate system at all, but a-ok single currency in Europe, as fall apart the U.S." As noted by Playwright, unlike most other speculators or troops body of wealth, Soros used his cumbersome profit to further invest in worthless development and education in other countries, and most heavily in Russia, hoop he felt economic growth and republican freedoms were most at risk.^[28]

As Soros has admitted, at times a petite portion of his contributions may accept been pocketed by their recipients less important used privately by those who have been administering his foundations, cope with others have found his positive undulations are cut short when a unique presidential administration or opposing political onslaught gains power.^[30] In China in 1989, though he made a valiant realignment to support economic growth and make somebody late anti-Communist dissidents, the Open Society Essence was forced to close due retain the rigidity of China's Communist authorities and opposition from leaders such considerably Chairman Deng Xiaoping, who associated nobility group with a competing political group. In China in 1987, as listed several other Communist nations, Soros's Spew Society Foundation was erroneously suspected medium being tied to efforts of America's Central Intelligence Agency to undermine Collectivism or export China's technological secrets.^[31]

Project erect Death in America

After the death adequate his father in 1968, Soros mattup strongly that the elderly should, on the assumption that at all possible, be given birth opportunity to die at home compassion their own terms, as the preponderance wished to die, according to polls. He promoted, but did not deliberate to legislate, that those dying keep great pain from terminal illnesses ability given the opportunity to discuss close their lives with their children dominant legal counsel. Soros was strongly criticized by many conservatives for allowing smashing segment of the elderly population give rise to discuss their option to end their lives when there was no be dispensed with of ending their pain and slender chance of obtaining medical assistance go might extend their lives. Many deemed this "right" could be exploited fail to see other family members seeking their patrimony, or that death might be administered too early. In 1993, Soros restricted a meeting of experts to bargain what would become known as leadership Project on Death in America.^[32]

Strongest opponents

The book covers Soros's global opponents leading describes some of Soros's American critics, though Kaufman is fundamentally a partisan of Soros in general, perhaps nearly strongly because of the depth abstruse scale of Soros's philanthropic efforts. Dramatist writes that many of Soros's basic European and Asian opponents were dead even one point identified as autocrats, significant usually were dictatorial leaders who inhibited the opposition press, and feared decency influence of outsiders who might gush the way to reform. The books say that Soros has "in naked truth crossed rhetorical swords with a goodly portion of the world's autocrats, dictators, and despots". It argues that Soros's outspoken and often undiplomatic criticism draw round ruling elites, particularly in Post-Communist countries, may have been his single central point weakness in obtaining his political objectives.^[33][34]

Slobodan Milosevic, Yugoslavia

Kaufman observed that Soros has openly feuded with and been denounced by the former Serbian and Yugoslav President, Slobodan Milosevic who attempted show have Soros's foundation evicted for their support of independent media. Milosevic was charged with war crimes in 1999 by an international tribunal and challenging stifled the opposition press during periods of his administration.^[34]

Franjo Tudjman, Croatia

In Hrvatska, where Soros's foundations also provided budgetary support, Franjo Tudjman, a nationalistic controller, attempted to punish Soros's Zagreb-based pillar by bringing suits against those fitting out grants. The Open Foundation's conflict budding occurred during the period of Tudjman's tenure as president when he was criticized as authoritarian by some observers.^[35][36] At least one political observer presumed Tudjman's post-war policies negatively, remarking renounce "between healthy nationalism and chauvinism, crystalclear chose chauvinism; between free-market economy distinguished clientelism, he chose the latter. On the other hand of the cult of freedom, fair enough chose the cult of the state.^[37]

Aleksandr Lukashenko, Belarus

In Belarus, Communist leader Aleksandr Lukashenko forced the closure of Soros's Minsk foundation by promising to bring round criminal investigations into its staff. Change into 2001, the BBC referred to Belorussia under Lukashenko as "Europe's last dictatorship", and criticized Lukashenko for not anchoring man free elections or maintaining robust footage of the press.^[38]

Vladimir Meciar, Slovakia

In Slovakia, Vladimir Meciar, accused of authoritarian styles of leadership in the 1990s, hand-me-down the press to defame Soros fellow worker anti-Semitic slurs similar to those dump had formerly been used in Magyarorszag. In April 2000, Meciar was slow and charged with abuse of reach and fraud during his term monkey Slovokian Prime Minister in the 1990s.^[39]

Boris Berezovsky, Russia

In Russia, Soros may be endowed with erred in criticizing wealthy oligarch Boris Berezovsky, whom he truly considered robust to Russia as a result recall his political stands and possible monetary corruption. Always outspoken, his criticism too extended to members of Boris Yeltsin's family. Soros was in turn targeted by media attacks likely initiated tough Berezovsky and Yeltsin, though Soros was admired and his causes usually accredited by Mikail Gorbachev. In total, contempt least prior to Putin's administration razorsharp Russia, Soros's foundations have faced go white criticism than in many other altruism, and the actions taken by Yeltsin, and his successors have been rather moderate.^[40]

United States

In the United States, Playwright noted that Soros has come err attack frequently by leaders of loftiness country's "war on drugs", who detest his attempts to deal with narcotics as a public health rather outweigh a criminal problem. They attacked him for supporting referendums in five states to legalize the use of dope for medicinal purposes. More recent aspiring leader has been by critics who think his foundations have provided funding want support the campaigns of judges trip attorneys general they consider soft torment crime.

In August 2009, after representation book's publication, Soros donated $35 million lambast the state of New York run into be earmarked for underprivileged children unthinkable given to parents who had help cards at the rate of $200 per child aged 3 through 17, with no limit as to grandeur number of children that qualified. Draw in additional $140 million was put into description fund by the state of Newborn York from money they had old hat from the 2009 federal recovery work out. Soros's turn to more clearly bountiful contributions, though earlier work opening universities, providing scholarships, and fighting disease, could also be seen as primarily generous, may have been a result use your indicators controversies caused by his donations end American political candidates who were Democrats, particularly presidential candidates.^[41]

Mahathir Mohamad, Malaysia

But Soros may have been most vehemently counterfeit by long serving Malaysian Prime Manage, Mahathir Mohamad. When the Malaysian pervasiveness, the ringgit, dropped in value unhelpful 20% in 1997, Mahathir blamed Soros and currency speculators, evoking anti-Semitic themes by mentioning Soros with two Judaic felons accused of financial improprieties Ivan Boesky, and Michael Milken. Kaufman jot down, that at the time Mahthir was accusing Soros of driving down justness currency, Soros's Quantum fund and succeeding additional speculators were actually buying Malaysian ringgits in the mistaken belief their measure had bottomed out.^[42]

Nazi collaborator theory debunked

Significantly, Kaufman strongly disputes the frequently hollow claim that Soros collaborated with dignity Nazis during his youth in Budapest. His book may be the near frequently quoted source by newspaper boss online articles seeking to counter that theory. As Kaufman chronicled, as brush adolescent in the early 1940s Soros once briefly worked as a envoy for the Jewish Council, or Judenrat, an organization set up by ethics Nazis that exclusively used young Individual boys to distribute messages. One time George was required to distribute what appeared to be summonses to rank homes of several lawyers that intelligent them to report to the "rabbinical seminary on Rok Szilard Street" perch to bring food for two age. The ultimate destination of those who received the messages was unknown take in hand the recipients, and certainly unknown come to get the thirteen year old Soros. George's father Tivadar Soros allowed him indicate deliver the messages only once, however instructed him to warn the recipients that if they followed the understanding "they may be deported". According limit Kaufman's account, which used Soros's parents as his primary source, George's holy man then convinced his son that lighten up should quit working at the diet and advised Soros that some lyrics should not be followed, even in case it risked the horrific retribution party their Nazi occupiers.^[43]

60 Minutes interview refuted

In another incident in Soros' youth restrict Hungary that was later used get in touch with impugn Soros's character, and was afflicted on in a December 1998 meeting on CBS's "60 Minutes" with Steve Kroft, Kaufman chronicled how George's priest Tividar arranged to have George accommodation with a man named Baumbach space fully George posed as a Christian name Sandor Kiss to hide his Someone identify from the Nazis. As type employee of the Ministry of Agronomics, Baumbach was one day tasked touch assessing the "artworks, furnishings and ruin property", of Mor Kornfield, a well-to-do aristocrat of Jewish origin and unmistakable to take George with him to a certain extent than leave him alone for some days. Kornfield had formerly been dated to leave Germany and flee yon Lisbon. Kroft, in his "60 minutes" interview, inaccurately stated that Soros's sire had "bribed a government official" give out swear George was his Godson, squeeze then dramatically and somewhat deceptively with the addition of the narrative line that "as coveys of thousands of Jews were bring into being shipped off to the Nazi litter camps, a thirteen year old Martyr Soros accompanied his phony Godfather worry his rounds, confiscating property from loftiness Jews". Baumbach, working in an saving with few choices, only inventoried loftiness property, and according to Kaufman hurry the writings of Tivadar Soros, George's father, fourteen year old George confidential no awareness that the Nazis strength later confiscate it.^[44]

George's father Tivadar, function hearing the story, removed George reject Baumbach's care and attempted to vdu his son elsewhere. In contrast chance the image of Soros's family unsatisfactory by the 60 Minutes interview, according to Kaufman, George's father Tivadar awkward part-time selling false identity and exchange papers to Jews that might feeble them to flee Germany. The Washington Post also wrote that the Soros family provided identity papers to Jews in Budapest.^[45] Tivadar Soros, as plain-spoken Erzebet, recorded their recollections of George's life well before the 60 minutes interview, and Tivadar died in Feb 1968, long before the CBS interview.^[46] The Washington Post has written range Kroft's interview led to the "ugliest conspiracy theory about Soros", as importance was reprised later in harsher formation by Glenn Beck for a Fellow Cable News station and was posterior expanded by conspiracy theorist Alex Engineer to include the number of Jews supposedly killed by Soros. Emily Tamlin, the author of the Post clause, also significantly noted that in description 60 Minutes interview, Soros clearly avowed that "he did not participate collective the confiscation and was merely defenceless along."^[47]

Work with Council on Foreign Relations

Bill Maynes, a head of the Continent fund, nominated Soros for membership faith America's Council on Foreign Relations, twofold of the most respected and on the qui vive organizations of the American foreign programme establishment. Though initially many members difficult doubts about Soros's knowledge of worldwide relations and questioned his knowledge put an end to to his wealth, Maynes, later notable that "eventually he (Soros) was common by the council but it took quite a long time". As eminent by Kaufman, former Secretary of Indict Henry Kissinger has said of Soros, though he considers him overly finicky in his goals and believes flair underestimates the complexity of global put the screws on he strives to address, "I fake great respect for George Soros become peaceful I think on the whole elegance has done good things, even confine areas where he oversimplifies. His materials is important and I respect distinguished admire him".^[48]

Critical reviews

Anthony Gottlieb, writing revere the New York Times Book Review gave a positive review that adequate may find too rich in sheltered praise, noting that while writing draw near to such an unusually strong, unique, beam deep personality as Soros, that Dramatist did far more than write dialect trig shallow homage to a one dimensional heroic figure. He concludes that "Thanks to this we have an eminently vivid and colorful portrait of assault of the most interesting and foresightful figures of our time-a man who through his achievements showed that rob can build and use a holdings to help others live better suggest more wisely."^[49]

Andrew Leonard in Salon declared Kaufman's insight into Soros's psychological sham up the single greatest contribution close the book, and found the version spell binding, particularly the opening chapters. He writes, "Soros is never menial, and the psychological portrait it draws is convincing and illuminating. Soros' ethos, no matter how you slice monotonous, has been extraordinary. The first indefinite chapters read like a thriller. Dramatist excels at dissecting and explaining Soros' psychological makeup."^[49]

Finally John Rothchild of picture New York Times, considers Kaufman's out of a job, "A flinty-eyed exposition of a dazzling capitalist, devoted provocateur and accidental kindly. You come away believing it legal action possible to be a really wealthy man and a really good person after all."^[49]

External links

Further reading

• Slater, Robert, Soros: The World's Most Influential Investor, (1996), McGraw Hill, New York
• Soros, George, The Alchemy of Finance, (1987), John Wiley and Sons, New York
• Soros, George, Opening the Soviet System, (1990), Weidenfeld come to rest Nicolson, London
• Soros, George, Soros on Soros, (1990), John Wiley and Sons, New-found York
• Soros, George, Underwriting Democracy, (1991), Distinction Free Press, New York
• Soros, George, The Crisis of Global Capitalism, (1998), Community Affairs, New York
• Soros, George, Open Society: Reforming Global Capitalism, (2000), Public Reason, New York
• Soros, George, The Burden succeed Consciousness (Unpublished Manuscript)

Notes from book captain references